Why are VPNs so expensive now?

I've noticed that VPN services have become increasingly expensive in recent times. Can you explain what factors might be contributing to this trend? Are there any specific costs associated with maintaining a VPN infrastructure that have risen significantly? Additionally, are there any regulatory changes or increased competition in the market that could be driving up prices? I'm curious to understand the reasons behind this increase in cost and how it might impact consumers looking to protect their online privacy and security.